Philanthropy Works Cited

Works Cited

"Paul McCartney: Charity Work & Causes." Look to the Stars. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2016. 

"Paul McCartney." Inside Philanthropy. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2016. 

PaulMcCartney.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2016.

Book Cover

 

I chose a photo of modern traffic that has cars and building around out, with a train in the middle as my background. I did this to symbolize how the train systems which were one of the many innvoations of the industrial age tie into our world today. Without the trains, and then the steel industry and other innovations of the industrial age, none of our modern appliances and buildings would exist today. 

Labor Practices

Nike has faced many accusation regarding unfair labor conditions including child labor, "sweatshop labor", unfair pay, and unsafe conditions. The company has started taking steps by revising the factory code of conduct, as well as hiring auditing firms to regularly carry out safety checks. Nike is not a singularity in this which we viewed in the video regarding Nestle and coconomics. This raised the question of if companies are truly doing enough, or if they care enough since there are still many accusations and lawsuits today.


NIke child labor

Supply Chain Management

 "Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed)." 

-Supply chain management

Smoke Signals

      Smoke Signals, a movie directed by Araphao tribe member Chris Eyre, portrays the idea of being burdened by your history and ancestors, through the struggles and stereotypes faced by Victor and Thomas on their symbolic journey.
      The problems presented by Native American history were exemplified in this movie through displays of poverty, alcoholism, isolation, and sterotypes. Like their ancestors, Thomas and Victors lives existed on the fairly desolate, and boring confines of their reservation. The movie shows the lack of excitment and life by emphasizing points such as how everyone knows each others buisness, the small school and basketball team, as well as the opening radio lines discussing the "usual" traffic, meaning that there is none as always. The isolation and monotony of life on the reservation is definetley not the most significant problem, as poverty takes the lead. For characters Victor and Thomas, neither of their respective families are able to generate a proper income. However, it does not seem that they are singularities in this circumstance, as the entire town appears to be poverty struck. Victor places the blame on his forefathers and their lost battles, which we (as the viewer) notice when Victor shows us that he believes in the white view of the Indians, not as fisherman but ferocious warriors. From a greater view, we see that Victor  feels he is carrying a burden of his ancestors, as he desperatley tries to reflect the "white mans" view rather than the true roots of his heritage. Victor even tells his dad that he does not have a favorite Indian. 
        In the movie, Victor displays his hatred for alcohol as it changed his dad to be abusive and ill-tempered. Indians are often stereotyped to be alcholics, but as displayed in the movie, it is not complteley myth. This is one other reason that causes Victor to be confused whether or not he should be proud of his hisotry. 
        As Victor and Thomas travel to Phoenix, Arizona to collect the ashes of Victor's father, they face "cowboys" on the bus which eventually leads to them being placed in the back of the bus. Thomas says,  "The cowboys always win", and Victor is once again reminded of the negatives of being an Indian. However, on the way back, Victor swerves in the road to avoid a car wreck. He is then stereotyped and accused of being drunk and the cause of the wreck, by the man who is actually to be blame. At this moment, he realizes that the wreck was not his fault, and neither was his father running away. He also realizes he should not be blaming his ancestors or his father like the man blamed him. He then comes to terms with his history on the way back, and is able to return to the reservation with pride he didnt have when he left. 

The Sioux Chef

Sean Sherman, now also known as the Sioux Chef,  had the goal of sharing his heritage with others, as well as reviving the native food culture amongst contemporary chefs. He did this through an extensive amount of research, by drawing information from his elders who continue to use the native american way of cooking today. By doing so, he was able to contrast the modern styles with those of his ancestors. Instead of solely using Native American recipies, he decided to instead eliminate the major factors which set apart the two cultures- including certain cooking techniques as well as unnatural or processed ingredients. This created a modern cuisine which subsituted many ingredients with healthy natural ones, as well as spices, vegetables, and berries which were commonly identified with the original native american cuisine. He then went on to revive original recipies, some even being from his childhood. He now shares his Sioux Chef cuisine with many, and it has drawn alot of attention for being extremely healthy. However, this also serves a greater purpose as he is able to accuratley share part of his heritage in an uncontroversial way, leading to an increased interest in the culture, causing people to want to learn more. That trend can help revive more customs as well as continuing to preserve them. 

NY Times article

NPR

The Atlantic article

Rock Mountain Husbandman

         Diamond City Montana is a small town on the west facing slopes of the Big Belt Mountains. In 1876, many of the newspaper articles related to railroads, agricultural issues, as well as a negative view upon all of those who were not white.
         This was a town secluded from the rapidly growing world. The nearest railroad was over 35 miles away, which was the cause of many of the articles to surround the topic of a new taxing system to start a fund to extend the railroad into the town. Since there was no railroad, this town also faced agricultural issues that came with not having access to the materials needed to keep up with the growing population or changing needs of people. The town started as a solely white town, and without a railroad, few to none non-whites were coming in, keeping the views opinionated and racist. 


newspaper

ISIS Human Trafficking

          Human trafficking is still an actively growing issue today as terrorist organizations such as ISIS are starting to play a larger role.  There are many reasons as to why ISIS is able to succesfully continue this trade, most revolving around the conditions this group works around. Many locations native to terrorist groups such as this one, are usually poverty struck which causes a drastic need for money. This need is used to attract desperately poor young women, by offering them supposedly sustainable jobs, but in reality they end up kidnapped or sold. Other conditions in which this occurs include cities torn by war and politics which leave many people of third world areas homeless, and children uncared for, making them vulnerable to ISIS members. The efforts to stop human and sex trafficking are slowly increasing, but in cities such as Aleppo and Damascus these efforts typically go unnoticed since there is a strong historical culture of exploitation and the devaluation of women. 

        ISIS utilizes human trafficking and sex trafficking to intimidade populations by crushing them pyschologically, to generate revenue, and to reward succesful combatants  (typically with a young girl). The increasing fear of being kidnapped at any time creates a sense of fear and trauma amongst most young women. It has the ability to mentally destroy communities by keeping them in fear as well as sending a political message stating that ISIS can do whatever they want. These terrorist groups are able to greatly profit from trafficking by selling women based on the buyers needs. However, this has caused a growing spread of health risks such as HIV and aids, not only amongst the civilian population but the ISIS combatants as well. 

        Terrorist organizations are now also using social media and local "outreach" groups to attract young girls of a certain type, before enslaving or selling them. This happens in almost every community all over the world including America which is why everyone needs to be aware and concious of the threat. 

By learning through historical movies such as Glory, and 12 Years a Slave, which accurately focus on the most significant parts of pre-Civil War US history, you are able to attain a more in-depth understanding of the matter as you are provided with a first-hand view, as well as being more engaged and interested. Supplemented by research, a student can gain fuller insight into real events, develop greater analytical abilities, as well as understanding attitudes typical to certain figures, allowing you to empathize to further ideas.

In order to gain all the advantages provided by movie based learning, a critical process is making sure that information is legitimate, which in itself is a great learning experience. After watching 12 Years a Slave, the first thing I did was search for primary documentation to compare to the movie, allowing an opportunity to validate and reinforce information learned, as well as discovering new information. 12 Years a Slave very accurately depicted many major points surrounding slavery such as master/mistress-slave relations and slave family hardships. In the movie, the main character Solomon North is separated from his family and fights to find them. The movie also contains scenes of mother and children being separated from one another. After researching the topic of slave family separation, I came across numerous primary sources and documentation of many families being separated. One source found was a newspaper article in the Colored Tennessean of a child searching for his mother after being separated for decades, “Information is wanted of my mother, whom I left in Fauquier county, Va., to Saml. Copland. I formerly belonged to Robert Rogers. I am very anxious to hear from my mother and any information in relation to her whereabouts will be very thankfully received” (Colored Tennessean Newspaper October 7, 1865). This is one of many similar newspaper ads I found that matched up to the circumstances of the slaves in the movie who were separated from their families,  but it also was able to give me more information by helping me empathize with the authors as they were once were real people. After finding these newspapers, I realized that there will be many other sources which will allow me to better understand the slave’s hardships.

I then found a slave’s narrative regarding mistress-slave relationships. Patsy, a young slave girl from 12 Years a Slave, was raped by her Master but was severely tortured and blamed by her mistress. I was once again able to find numerous narratives almost identical to the situation depicted in the movie, "Maria was a thirteen-year-old house servant. One day, receiving no response to her call, the mistress began searching the house for her. Finally, she opened the parlor door, and there was the child with her master. The master ran out of the room, mounted his horse and rode off to escape, 'though well he knew that [his wife's] full fury would fall upon the young head of his victim.' The mistress beat the child and locked her up in a smokehouse. For two weeks the girl was constantly whipped. Some of the elderly servants attempted to plead with the mistress on Maria's behalf, and even hinted that 'it was mass'r that was to blame.' The mistress's reply was typical: 'She'll know better in the future. After I've done with her, she'll never do the like again, through ignorance'" (A Slave’s Narrative, Page 132). By reading this, I was able to see the unfortunate accuracy in the movie  and was able to realize the extent of the horridity in the situation by gaining a deeper insight into the reality of the story.

This same process or researching to validate the film was carried on with the movie Glory, and I noticed that the knowledge outcome was similar. Glory depicted many scenes showing the harsh realities of the war,  as well as the adversity that comes with being an african-american soldier. Reading descriptions of this from a textbook does not provide the same impact as visualizing it first-hand. By being able to see the accurately depicted gory scenes whether it be on the battlefield or the unfairness towards these men, you are able to get a better understanding of the true circumstances by seeing emotions play out on the screen. One primary source narrative I read regarding the lack of shoes amongst african american soldiers causing foot rot was described as, ““If you have never had trench foot described to you, I will explain. Your feet swell to two to three times their normal size and go completely dead. You can stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are lucky enough not to lose your feet and the swelling starts to go down, it is then that the most indescribable agony begins. I have heard men cry and scream with pain and many have had to have their feet and legs amputated. I was one of the lucky ones, but one more day in that trench and it may have been too late.”  (Harry Roberts, Letters from the Trenches). Although this description is vivid, being able to actually visualize the emotions that go along with it is crucial into being able to empathize with the soldiers.

Along with the ability to empathize with these historical figures, as well as the information that comes with researching to find validation in the film, you further develop your analytical abilities. This comes naturally by using this process of research linked to the movie because thinking in an analytical fashion is necessary in creating questions to research, in hopes of finding the similarities and differences between the movies and reality.

Sources:

Reel views article, Historically Accuracy of Glory

I used this source as a starting point to see other people's opinions on whether or not they believed Glory is historically accurate

NYTs article, Historical Accuracy in 12 Years

I used this source as a starting point to see other people's opinions on whether or not they believed 12 Years a Slave is historically accurate

Bowdoin University - Slave Narrative

This source was used for information on Mistress-Slave relations, provided primary source evidence (quotes from Slaves Narrative)

Now and Then article on slavery's affect on families.

This provided information on how slavery affected African-American families

Rogerebert article on life as a black soldier

Life in the ranks as a black soldier

Rogerebert article life as a black soldier

This review helped determine the historical accuracy of Glory along with Trench Foot

History Engine article as Plantation Mistresses

This was about how Plantation Mistresses acted

How Mistresses treated Slaves

This contains accounts on plantation mistresses lashing out

Entertainment Time article on how Mistresses treatment of slaves

Accuracy of 12 Years a Slave

Virginia.Edu primary source journal writing

A primary source narrative on masters

19th-century missing-person advertisement

Master whipping slaves

Mother and Children Slaves being separated

Slave mom being sold and separated from child

Trench Foot

Reflection or Paraphrase Practice.

           Through the process of paraphrasing and quoting, I have learned that it is a great strategy to fully understand a certain text or essay because it requires you to place the text in your own words which can't be done unless you understand the reading. Quoting and paraphrasing should be used when presenting evidence from a source.
            Quoting should be used if the passage has a detail or opinion that you would like to argue, and by including the quote you show that you are not misinterpreting or trying to force an opinion. It should also be used if there is something that needs to be included in a paraphrase that is too important to take out, or if you want to show that others support your opinion by quoting their thoughts on the matter.                          
           Paraphrasing should be used when you want to take the information out of a paragraph, but need to rewrite it so it becomes more relevant to your paragraph and writing style. It is also used when you want to quote something that is far too long to place into your writing, as it might confuse the reader or take away from your writing with irrelevant details.



This is what I learned today:
Only use a direct quote when it adds power and style to my writing.
Always make it clear, from context, that i understand the full meaning of the quote.
Whether I quote or paraphrase, I must always be transparent about the source and how I'm using it.
If I use another author's exact words or phrase, to any extent, I have to ouse quotation marks and give credit.
If I use another author's presentation of facts or ideas, but put their ideas in my own words, (paraphrase) I better have a good reason for doing so, and I MUST give credit.
Hyperlinking is so easy, there is no excuse for not being transparent about my sources. 

Practicing Incorporating a Quotation

I thought the movie Glory was very well made, and captured certain imagery of the Civil War greatly.  Kevin M. Levin, author of Civil War Memory says, "The movie does a very good job of addressing the discrimination faced by the 54th Massachusetts as well as their heroic performance at Battery Wagner in July 1863." This statement describes the plot of the movie more or less, and the points that were trying to be achieved. The producer of this movie did a great job of addressing the discrimination faced by the 54th, by showing contrast between white and black soldiers whether it was about not letting them fight, extensive manual labor, or the pay cuts. The heroic performance at Battery Wagner was shown perfectly through the still frame of the soldiers fighting that looked like a monument, as well as showing all of the war using graphic detail to give the full impact of what they were faced with. Then, finally showing the majority of the Unit lying dead in the ditch with no shoes, including those who had major differences who had put all aside to fight even thought they knew they were not being payed fairly. The movie ends with the audience being informed that the heroic scenes we had just witnessed led to the recruitment of all those men which changed the war, which captured the full impact of what the 54th unit truly did. 

Paraphrase Practice

Civil War Memories Film Review
"The “pay crisis” is depicted in that wonderful scene where both Shaw and his men tear up their vouchers after learning that they are to be paid under the terms set out in the Militia Act of 1862 – $10 for black soldiers as opposed to $13 for white soldiers. Unfortunately, the scene is used to highlight the evolution of Shaw’s identification with his men and is promptly dropped as an issue. Well, it was an issue throughout much of the unit’s history and it grew worse following the failed assault at Wagner in July 1863 and Shaw’s death.

My paraphrase
The Militia Act of 1862 stated that the pay for black soldiers would be $10, whereas the pay for white soldiers would be $13, causing Shaw and his men to rip their vouchers in an act of defiance.  The pay controversy is sadly not mentioned again, as the scene is solely used to show the character change of Shaw as he sides with his men. However, the situation did remain prominent and continued to deteriorate throughout the soldier's serving period following the floundered attack on Wagner and Shaw's death. 

This week, we focused on providing substantial evidence, surrounded by the topics of historical biases and the cotton industry. We learned to look for sources such as journal entries or letters, which can give an insight that has not been tampered with time or assumptions. These primary sources showed many things such as slave labor and cotton production per day, as well as writing or drawings regarding working conditions, actual slave trade, personal reflections about slave work ethic and more. I had a fair amount of existing knowledge that we have all learned throughout lower school and middle school about conditions of slaves, and a little about the cotton industry as well, but it all came from a textbook. However through other primary or substantial resources, I was able to learn a lot about the cotton jenny, and other mechanical methods of cotton production. The cotton jenny used 8 spindles or more simultaneously instead of 1 which for obvious reasons increased production rates. But through class discussions I learned the impacts of the cotton jenny. Following this same pattern, I learned facts about slave trade and labor, and through discussions I would learn the reasoning. For example, a major thing that stuck out to me was why a record of pickings would be kept. If an owner kept a journal, he could monitor which slaves picking rates are dropping, this way he can punish them. Likewise, if the rates are high and he is in need of money, he can trade the slave with the record of his good work. Without information from primary sources, the discussions that we would have had could result in being biased by previous knowledge. People who might have a grudge against a certain historical event or group of people, might embellish the facts and make it a story with details that draw a negative light towards that group of people, or make a certain event seem more horrific or greater then it truly was. 

Sympathy can be defined as the feelings of pity or sorrow for someone else's misfortune, whereas having empathy is more of a mental trait that lets you identify with a person by an experience of feelings, thoughts, and attitudes of that person. Empathy is more thinking about the feeling then just considering it. Empathy is an essential tool for historians so that they have a deeper insight into the motives and thoughts of certain historical figures or actions made by the subject who is being studied. This is important so that they may understand why a certain person did something instead of judging them quickly and forming premature opinions. Without empathy, historians might have a skewed view on many topics which will cause them to have a narrow mind scape and prohibit them from being able to discover and dig deeper.

From the 1600s to the Civil War,  the U.S. grew from individual colonies to a larger, united country with a more defined constitution and government. However, the nation did face many challenges during the pre-civil war era facing massive population growth, tax raises, drastic constitutional changes, territorial struggles, as well as the tensions and law making surrounding slavery. Up till the civil war the nation stayed united through the Great Compromise which put many of the large problems surrounding slavery at bay, along with the the actual establishment of the United States of America which put the constitution in effect creating less room for major problems to surface.